{
 "dataset": "e-verify",
 "title": "State E-Verify requirements",
 "description": "Which states require private employers, public employers or state contractors to use E-Verify, with size thresholds, start dates and penalties, as a free CSV and JSON file.",
 "url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/data/e-verify",
 "publisher": "MCC Solutions",
 "license": {
  "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Credit \"MCC Solutions\" and link to https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/data/e-verify"
 },
 "checked": "2026-11",
 "row_count": 51,
 "accuracy": "Facts come from official government pages as they read on the checked date. Anything not confirmed there is null and named in the row's unconfirmed list. General information, not legal or tax advice; MCC Solutions is not a law firm and we are not lawyers.",
 "fields": [
  {
   "name": "jurisdiction_code",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "Two-letter postal code of the state or DC."
  },
  {
   "name": "jurisdiction",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "State name (or District of Columbia)."
  },
  {
   "name": "agency",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "Agency or law the official source names for the rule. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "private.rule.kind",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "Which private employers must use E-Verify (for example all, or a count of employees)."
  },
  {
   "name": "private.rule.n",
   "type": "integer",
   "meaning": "Employee count that triggers the private-employer rule, when it has one."
  },
  {
   "name": "private.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The private-employer rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "private.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "public.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The rule for state and local government employers. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "public.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "contractors.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The rule for state contractors and grant recipients. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "contractors.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "effective.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "When the rule took effect. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "effective.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "penalty.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Penalty for not complying. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "penalty.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "restriction.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Any state limit on how employers may use E-Verify. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "restriction.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "notes",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Other points from the official source. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "unconfirmed",
   "type": "array of strings",
   "meaning": "Fields the official sources read did not confirm for this row. Those values are null."
  },
  {
   "name": "source_urls",
   "type": "array of strings",
   "meaning": "Links to the official sources (all of them for jurisdictions with their own page; the main linked source for the others)."
  },
  {
   "name": "checked",
   "type": "date (YYYY-MM-DD)",
   "meaning": "When the row's sources were opened (YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD). A row with no official source carries the date of the check that found none."
  },
  {
   "name": "page_url",
   "type": "string (URL)",
   "meaning": "The page on mcc-solutionsnj.com that explains this row."
  }
 ],
 "rows": [
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AL",
   "jurisdiction": "Alabama",
   "agency": "Alabama Legislature (Beason-Hammon Act, as amended by Act 2012-491)",
   "private.rule.kind": "all",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "Every business or employer in the state must enroll in E-Verify and use it for new hires.",
   "private.wording": "every business entity or employer in this state shall enroll in E-Verify",
   "public.text": null,
   "public.wording": null,
   "contractors.text": "To get a state contract, grant or incentive, a business with one or more employees working in the state must be enrolled in E-Verify, show proof, and use it for every employee who has to be verified.",
   "contractors.wording": "shall participate in the E-Verify program and shall verify every employee that is required to be verified",
   "effective.text": "April 1, 2012 for every employer. The state contract rule took effect January 1, 2012, and the 2012 amendments took effect when signed on May 18, 2012.",
   "effective.wording": "Effective April 1, 2012, every business entity or employer in this state shall enroll in E-Verify.",
   "penalty.text": "For knowingly employing an unauthorized worker, a court can order those workers let go, put the business on three years' probation and suspend licenses at that location for up to 60 days. Second and third violations bring five and seven years' probation and longer or permanent license loss.",
   "penalty.wording": "Subject the business entity or employer to a three-year probationary period throughout the state.",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "The all-employer wording is quoted from the 2012 amending bill (HB658, engrossed) on the Legislature's site; we couldn't open the codified section itself. The state contract rule is confirmed by the Department of Revenue's and the Department of Education's contractor guidelines and the State Comptroller's memo on Act 2012-491.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2012RS/PrintFiles/HB658-Eng.pdf",
    "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/vendor_everify.pdf",
    "https://comptroller.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/act-2012-491-july-2012-guidance.pdf",
    "https://www.alabamaachieves.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Everify.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-alabama"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AK",
   "jurisdiction": "Alaska",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AZ",
   "jurisdiction": "Arizona",
   "agency": "Arizona Attorney General and county attorneys (Legal Arizona Workers Act)",
   "private.rule.kind": "all",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "Every employer in the state must use E-Verify for each new employee.",
   "private.wording": "LAWA requires all Arizona employers to use E-Verify to verify the employment eligibility of new hires.",
   "public.text": null,
   "public.wording": null,
   "contractors.text": "A government entity may not award a contract to a contractor or subcontractor that fails to use E-Verify.",
   "contractors.wording": "The 2008 amendments prohibit a government entity from awarding a contract to any contractor or subcontractor that fails to use E-Verify",
   "effective.text": "Employees hired after December 31, 2007.",
   "effective.wording": "verify the employment authorization of all new employees hired after December 31, 2007",
   "penalty.text": "Knowingly or intentionally employing an unauthorized worker brings probation with reports to the county attorney, possible license suspension for a first violation and permanent license revocation for a second. A county attorney brings the case.",
   "penalty.wording": "possible license suspension for a first violation and permanent license revocation for a second violation.",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "The Senate's issue brief notes the federal I-9 retention rule alongside the state law and says independent contractors don't need a Form I-9 from the business that hires them.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.azag.gov/civil-rights/legal-az-workers-act/employers",
    "https://azleg.gov/Briefs/Senate/DETERMINATION%20OF%20EMPLOYMENT%20ELIGIBILITY%20BY%20EMPLOYERS%202022.PDF"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-arizona"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AR",
   "jurisdiction": "Arkansas",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CA",
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "agency": "California Legislature (Labor Code section 2814)",
   "private.rule.kind": "none",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "No state rule requires it. The state and local governments may not require an employer to use E-Verify, except where federal law or federal funding requires it.",
   "private.wording": "Existing law prohibits the state, or a city, county, city and county, or special district, from requiring an employer",
   "public.text": null,
   "public.wording": null,
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": null,
   "effective.wording": null,
   "penalty.text": "A civil penalty of up to $10,000 for each violation of the rule on when E-Verify may be used.",
   "penalty.wording": "an employer who violates this section is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000)",
   "restriction.text": "An employer may not use E-Verify to check an existing employee, or an applicant who hasn't been offered a job, except where federal law requires it. Checking new hires after the offer stays allowed.",
   "restriction.wording": "to check the employment authorization status of an existing employee or an applicant who has not been offered employment",
   "notes": "The ban on state and local E-Verify mandates came from AB 1236 (2011); the limit on checking existing employees and applicants came from AB 622 (2015). Federal contractors whose contracts carry the FAR clause still follow it.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/asm/ab_0601-0650/ab_622_bill_20150909_enrolled.htm",
    "https://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_1201-1250/ab_1236_cfa_20110502_153339_asm_comm.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-california"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CO",
   "jurisdiction": "Colorado",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "effective",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://oedit.colorado.gov/sites/coedit/files/2021-06/colorado_special_provisions.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CT",
   "jurisdiction": "Connecticut",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "DE",
   "jurisdiction": "Delaware",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "DC",
   "jurisdiction": "District of Columbia",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "FL",
   "jurisdiction": "Florida",
   "agency": "FloridaCommerce (sanctions) and the Florida Department of Revenue (yearly certification)",
   "private.rule.kind": "count",
   "private.rule.n": 25,
   "private.text": "Private employers with 25 or more employees must use E-Verify for each new employee, within three business days after the employee starts working for pay.",
   "private.wording": "public agencies and private employers with 25 or more employees are required to use the E-Verify system",
   "public.text": "Every public agency, including a business acting on a public agency's behalf, must use E-Verify for new employees.",
   "public.wording": "All public employers.",
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": "July 1, 2023 for private employers with 25 or more employees.",
   "effective.wording": "Beginning July 1, 2023, section 448.095, Florida Statutes, requires",
   "penalty.text": "After a notice and 30 days to cure, an employer found to have skipped E-Verify three times in 24 months is fined $1,000 a day until it shows compliance, and state licenses can be suspended until the violation is fixed.",
   "penalty.wording": "it must impose a fine of $1,000 per day until the employer provides proof of compliance",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "Covered employers certify that they use E-Verify on the first reemployment tax return they file each calendar year. Bills to cover every private employer (HB 197 and SB 1278, 2026 session) both died on March 13, 2026, so the 25-employee line stands.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "contractors",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://floridarevenue.com/taxes/Documents/eVerifyFAQs.pdf",
    "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/197/Analyses/h0197c.COM.PDF",
    "https://flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/197",
    "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/1278"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-florida"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "GA",
   "jurisdiction": "Georgia",
   "agency": "Georgia cities and counties (business license affidavits) and public employers (contract affidavits)",
   "private.rule.kind": "count",
   "private.rule.n": 11,
   "private.text": "A private employer with more than 10 employees must be registered with and use E-Verify, and swears to it on an affidavit when applying for or renewing a local business license. Employers with 10 or fewer sign an exemption affidavit instead.",
   "private.wording": "On January 1st of the below signed year the individual, firm, or corporation employed more than ten (10) employees.",
   "public.text": "Every public employer must register for and use E-Verify.",
   "public.wording": "every public employer shall register and participate in the federal work authorization program",
   "contractors.text": "A contractor working for a public employer swears it is registered with and uses E-Verify, keeps using it for the whole contract, and subcontracts physical services only to firms that give the same affidavit.",
   "contractors.wording": "has registered with, is authorized to use and uses the Federal Work Authorization Program commonly known as E-Verify",
   "effective.text": "Phased in through local business license (occupation tax certificate) applications: January 1, 2012 for private employers with 500 or more employees, July 1, 2012 for 100 or more, and July 1, 2013 for more than 10.",
   "effective.wording": "employers with more than 10 employees must be registered beginning on July 1, 2013.",
   "penalty.text": null,
   "penalty.wording": null,
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "The headcount wording comes from a city's private employer affidavit under O.C.G.A. 36-60-6(d); a county audit report describes the same rule as ten or more employees, so check the affidavit your city or county uses. The headcount is taken on January 1 of the license year.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.mariettaga.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3166/Private-Employer-Affidavit-PDF",
    "https://dfcs.georgia.gov/document/document/security-immigration-affidavit/download",
    "https://fultoncountyga.gov/-/media/Departments/Office-of-the-County-Auditor/Audit-Reports-and-Management-Responses/2025-Audit-Reports/GSICA-Audit-Report-F.pdf",
    "https://www.augustaga.gov/2112/E-Verify"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-georgia"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "HI",
   "jurisdiction": "Hawaii",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ID",
   "jurisdiction": "Idaho",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/sessioninfo/2026/legislation/S1247SOP.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IL",
   "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
   "agency": "Illinois Department of Labor (Right to Privacy in the Workplace Act)",
   "private.rule.kind": "none",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "No state rule requires it, and neither the State nor any local government may require an employer to use E-Verify beyond what federal law requires.",
   "private.wording": "Neither the State nor any of its political subdivisions, nor any unit of local government, including a home rule unit,",
   "public.text": null,
   "public.wording": null,
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": "The current notice and limit rules took effect January 1, 2025 (Public Act 103-0879).",
   "effective.wording": "Effective Date: 1/1/2025",
   "penalty.text": "A civil penalty of $2,000 to $5,000 for a first violation of the Act's E-Verify rules, with higher amounts for later violations.",
   "penalty.wording": "a civil penalty of a minimum of $2,000 up to a maximum of $5,000 for a first violation",
   "restriction.text": "An employer that uses E-Verify must follow the Act's procedures, including telling the employee in writing when it receives a tentative nonconfirmation.",
   "restriction.wording": "to fail to notify an individual, in writing, of the employer's receipt of a tentative nonconfirmation notice,",
   "notes": "A 2025 bill (SB 2339) would add further limits for employers enrolled in E-Verify; the Legislature's page showed it as introduced, and we couldn't confirm any later action.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "contractors"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/publicacts/view/103-0879",
    "https://www.ilga.gov/documents/legislation/104/SB/PDF/10400SB2339.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-illinois"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IN",
   "jurisdiction": "Indiana",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.allencounty.in.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12400"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IA",
   "jurisdiction": "Iowa",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/AMDI/91/attachments/CCS2218.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "KS",
   "jurisdiction": "Kansas",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://kslegislature.gov/li/b2025_26/measures/hb2066/"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "KY",
   "jurisdiction": "Kentucky",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/25rs/hb673.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "LA",
   "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
   "agency": "Louisiana Workforce Commission (civil penalties under R.S. 23:995)",
   "private.rule.kind": "option",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "A private employer is protected from the state's civil penalties if it verified every employee through E-Verify, or kept a copy of each employee's photo ID plus one listed citizenship or work document.",
   "private.wording": "The citizenship or work authorization status of every employee has been verified",
   "public.text": "State agencies paid through the state payroll system (LaGov HCM) had to register for and use E-Verify by January 1, 2012.",
   "public.wording": "Agencies must register for and use E-Verify no later than January 1, 2012.",
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": "Act 402 of 2011, which added the E-Verify option, took effect August 15, 2011.",
   "effective.wording": "Effective August 15, 2011, Act 402 of the 2011 Regular Legislative Session",
   "penalty.text": "Up to $500 per unauthorized worker for a first violation and up to $1,000 for a second. A third brings a suspension of the business permit or license for 30 days to six months and up to $2,500 per worker, after a hearing.",
   "penalty.wording": "For a first violation the penalty shall be not more than five hundred dollars for each alien",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "An employer that used E-Verify is presumed to have acted in good faith. The section doesn't apply to health care facilities licensed by the state health department. A 2011 bill (SB 66) on the Legislature's site would require contractors with state agencies to use a status verification system; we didn't open the enacted law, so it isn't counted here.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "contractors",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=84042",
    "https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=760907",
    "https://doa.la.gov/media/kmsl2dnq/2012-08.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-louisiana"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ME",
   "jurisdiction": "Maine",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MD",
   "jurisdiction": "Maryland",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2013RS/fnotes/bil_0007/hb0317.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MA",
   "jurisdiction": "Massachusetts",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.mass.gov/doc/attachment-f-executive-order-481-contractor-certification/download"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MI",
   "jurisdiction": "Michigan",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2025-2026/billintroduced/House/pdf/2025-HIB-4061.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MN",
   "jurisdiction": "Minnesota",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/16C.075/pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MS",
   "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
   "agency": "Mississippi Department of Employment Security (Mississippi Employment Protection Act)",
   "private.rule.kind": "all",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "Every employer must use E-Verify. The requirement was phased in by employer size and reached all employers by July 1, 2011.",
   "private.wording": "All employers shall meet verification requirements not later than July 1, 2011.",
   "public.text": "Public employers must use E-Verify.",
   "public.wording": "all public employers, contractors, consultants, subcontractors, subconsultants, and third-party employers",
   "contractors.text": "Contractors, consultants and subcontractors on public work must use E-Verify.",
   "contractors.wording": "all public employers, contractors, consultants, subcontractors, subconsultants, and third-party employers",
   "effective.text": "The Act took effect July 1, 2008; the last group, every remaining employer, came in July 1, 2011.",
   "effective.wording": "effective Tuesday, July 1, 2008.",
   "penalty.text": "Cancellation of any state or public contract and up to three years' ineligibility for public contracts, loss of any state license or permit for up to one year, or both.",
   "penalty.wording": "Any employer violating the provisions of this section shall be subject to the cancellation of any state or public contract,",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "The phase-in and penalty wording is quoted from Section 71-11-3 as reprinted in a 2025 House bill (HB 1271) on the Legislature's site; the passages quoted carry no change markings there.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mdes.ms.gov/employers/mdes-employer-services/special-services/e-verify-program/",
    "https://mdot.ms.gov/documents/Consultant%20Services/Forms/EEV%20Special%20Notice.pdf",
    "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2025/html/HB/1200-1299/HB1271IN.htm"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-mississippi"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MO",
   "jurisdiction": "Missouri",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://dese.mo.gov/childhood/child-care-subsidy/e-verify"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MT",
   "jurisdiction": "Montana",
   "agency": "Montana Department of Labor and Industry (LEGAL Act, House Bill 226)",
   "private.rule.kind": "option",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "Every employer must verify each worker's lawful employment status before hiring, using Form I-9 or E-Verify.",
   "private.wording": "verify the lawful employment status of all workers prior to hiring",
   "public.text": null,
   "public.wording": null,
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": "July 1, 2025.",
   "effective.wording": "has an effective date of July 1, 2025",
   "penalty.text": "Escalating fines, and possible license suspension for repeat violators. The Department can audit and investigate employers.",
   "penalty.wording": "Establishes a tiered penalty structure, including escalating fines and potential license suspension for repeat violators",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "The Department's announcement gives no employer-size threshold.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://news.dli.mt.gov/news/2025/07/legal-act"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-montana"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NE",
   "jurisdiction": "Nebraska",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/103/PDF/Intro/LB1073.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NV",
   "jurisdiction": "Nevada",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NH",
   "jurisdiction": "New Hampshire",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NJ",
   "jurisdiction": "New Jersey",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NM",
   "jurisdiction": "New Mexico",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NY",
   "jurisdiction": "New York",
   "private.rule.kind": "none",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/jessica-ramos/senator-ramos-champions-e-verify-bill-protect?page=9"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NC",
   "jurisdiction": "North Carolina",
   "agency": "North Carolina Commissioner of Labor (G.S. Chapter 64, Article 2)",
   "private.rule.kind": "count",
   "private.rule.n": 25,
   "private.text": "An employer with 25 or more employees in the state must check each new employee through E-Verify after hiring. State agencies, counties and cities aren't employers under this law, and someone hired for less than nine months in a calendar year isn't counted as an employee.",
   "private.wording": "employs 25 or more employees in this State.",
   "public.text": "Every county and every city or town must register for and use E-Verify to check the work authorization of new employees (G.S. 153A-99.1 and 160A-169.1).",
   "public.wording": "Each county shall register and participate in E-Verify to verify the work authorization of new employees",
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": "Phased in by size for private employers: October 1, 2012 with 500 or more employees, January 1, 2013 with 100 to 499, and July 1, 2013 with 25 to 99. The county and city rules took effect October 1, 2011.",
   "effective.wording": "July 1, 2013, for employers that employ 25 or more but less than 100 employees.",
   "penalty.text": "For a first violation the Commissioner orders a sworn affidavit, with a $10,000 penalty if it isn't filed on time. A second violation brings a $1,000 penalty; a third or later, $2,000 for each verification the employer failed to make.",
   "penalty.wording": "a civil penalty of two thousand dollars ($2,000) for each required employee verification the employer failed to make.",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "A 2025-session bill (H1214, committee substitute of June 10, 2026) would add state and local government employers to the law. The text we opened is a bill, not a session law, so it isn't counted.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "contractors",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_64/Article_2.html",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/Sessions/2025/Bills/House/HTML/H1214v3.html",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/SessionLaws/HTML/2011-2012/SL2011-263.html",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_160A/GS_160A-169.1.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-north-carolina"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ND",
   "jurisdiction": "North Dakota",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ndlegis.gov/files/resource/68-2023/library/hb1527.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OH",
   "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
   "agency": "Ohio Revised Code Chapter 4151",
   "private.rule.kind": "industry",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "private.text": "Nonresidential construction contractors, subcontractors and labor brokers must verify each employee hired for a nonresidential construction project through E-Verify.",
   "private.wording": "no nonresidential construction contractor, subcontractor, or labor broker shall fail to verify the employment eligibility of each employee",
   "public.text": null,
   "public.wording": null,
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": "March 20, 2026.",
   "effective.wording": "Effective: March 20, 2026",
   "penalty.text": "$250 per violation for a first offense and $1,500 per violation for a repeat within three years. Continuing to employ someone after a final nonconfirmation is $5,000 per violation, and violators can be barred from state contracts for up to two years.",
   "penalty.wording": "shall assess a fine of two hundred fifty dollars for each violation",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "Verification records are kept three years after hire or one year after the job ends, whichever is later. Residential buildings, certain farm structures and mobile homes aren't nonresidential construction. Penalty amounts are quoted from HB 246 as passed; the copy we opened has the signature and date lines blank.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://codes.ohio.gov/assets/laws/revised-code/authenticated/41/4151/4151.02/3-20-2026/4151.02-3-20-2026.pdf",
    "https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/hb246/05_EN/pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-ohio"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OK",
   "jurisdiction": "Oklahoma",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "effective",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://aem-prod.oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/omes/documents/DCS-CP-PIM-10-01.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OR",
   "jurisdiction": "Oregon",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://apps.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Downloads/MeasureAnalysisDocument/85544"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "PA",
   "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://pa.gov/agencies/dgs/submit-proposals-and-bids-for-commonwealth-projects/public-works-employment-verification"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "RI",
   "jurisdiction": "Rhode Island",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.ri.gov/press/view/12942"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "SC",
   "jurisdiction": "South Carolina",
   "private.rule.kind": "all",
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://llr.sc.gov/Immigration/verification.aspx"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "SD",
   "jurisdiction": "South Dakota",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mylrc.sdlegislature.gov/api/Documents/306670.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "TN",
   "jurisdiction": "Tennessee",
   "agency": "Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development (Tennessee Lawful Employment Act)",
   "private.rule.kind": "count",
   "private.rule.n": 35,
   "private.text": "Private employers with 35 or more full-time equivalent employees under the same FEIN must use E-Verify for new hires. Smaller private employers may choose E-Verify or the other method the law allows.",
   "private.wording": "private employers with 35 or more full-time equivalent employees under the same FEIN are required to use",
   "public.text": null,
   "public.wording": null,
   "contractors.text": null,
   "contractors.wording": null,
   "effective.text": "January 1, 2023 for private employers with 35 or more full-time equivalent employees.",
   "effective.wording": "Effective January 1, 2023, private employers with 35 or more",
   "penalty.text": "$500 for failing to enroll in E-Verify. For knowing violations, $500 for a first offense, rising to as much as $2,500 for repeat offenders.",
   "penalty.wording": "There is also a $500 penalty for failing to enroll in E-Verify",
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "The headcount is full-time equivalents under one FEIN, not a simple head count.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.tn.gov/content/tn/workforce/employers/staffing-redirect/hiring-regulations/employment-verification.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-tennessee"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "TX",
   "jurisdiction": "Texas",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/analysis/pdf/SB00324I.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "UT",
   "jurisdiction": "Utah",
   "agency": "Utah Legislature (Private Employer Verification Act; Utah Code 63G-12-302)",
   "private.rule.kind": "count",
   "private.rule.n": 150,
   "private.text": "A private employer with 150 or more employees may not hire a new employee unless it is registered with and uses a status verification system such as E-Verify.",
   "private.wording": "A private employer who employs 150 or more employees on or after May 4, 2022, may not hire a new employee",
   "public.text": "A public employer must register with and use a status verification system for new employees.",
   "public.wording": "a public employer shall register with and use a Status Verification System",
   "contractors.text": "A contractor working for a public employer must register and participate in the status verification system, and its subcontractors certify the same by affidavit.",
   "contractors.wording": "a contractor shall register and participate in the Status Verification System",
   "effective.text": "New hires on or after May 4, 2022, for private employers with 150 or more employees.",
   "effective.wording": "may not hire a new employee on or after May 4, 2022, unless the private employer:",
   "penalty.text": null,
   "penalty.wording": null,
   "restriction.text": null,
   "restriction.wording": null,
   "notes": "A private employer that follows the rule can't be held civilly liable under state law for that hire if the system showed the person was authorized. Registering with the state's Verify Utah registry is optional.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title13/Chapter47/C13-47_1800010118000101.pdf",
    "https://corporations.utah.gov/business-entities/verifyutah",
    "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title63G/Chapter12/C63G-12-S302_1800010118000101.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-utah"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "VT",
   "jurisdiction": "Vermont",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "VA",
   "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title40.1/chapter1/section40.1-11.2/"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WA",
   "jurisdiction": "Washington",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WV",
   "jurisdiction": "West Virginia",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
    "restriction"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Text_HTML/2026_SESSIONS/RS/bills/hb4198%20sub1%20eng.htm"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/bookkeeping/e-verify-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WI",
   "jurisdiction": "Wisconsin",
   "private.rule.kind": null,
   "private.rule.n": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "private",
    "public",
    "contractors",
    "effective",
    "penalty",
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