{
 "dataset": "poa-signing",
 "title": "Power of attorney signing requirements by state",
 "description": "Notary and witness requirements for a financial power of attorney in each state and DC, the Uniform Power of Attorney Act, statutory forms, recording and durability.",
 "url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/data/poa-signing",
 "publisher": "MCC Solutions",
 "license": {
  "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Credit \"MCC Solutions\" and link to https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/data/poa-signing"
 },
 "checked": "2026-11",
 "row_count": 51,
 "accuracy": "Facts come from official government pages as they read on the checked date. Anything not confirmed there is null and named in the row's unconfirmed list. General information, not legal or tax advice; MCC Solutions is not a law firm and we are not lawyers.",
 "fields": [
  {
   "name": "jurisdiction_code",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "Two-letter postal code of the state or DC."
  },
  {
   "name": "jurisdiction",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "State name (or District of Columbia)."
  },
  {
   "name": "upoaa.adopted",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether the state adopted the Uniform Power of Attorney Act."
  },
  {
   "name": "upoaa.year",
   "type": "integer",
   "meaning": "Year of adoption."
  },
  {
   "name": "upoaa.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Detail on the act. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "notary.rule",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "Notary rule for the principal's signature."
  },
  {
   "name": "notary.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The notary rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "notary.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.count",
   "type": "integer",
   "meaning": "Number of witnesses required."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.alt",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether witnesses are an alternative to a notary."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The witness rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "witnesses.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "agent_ack.required",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "Whether the agent must sign an acknowledgment."
  },
  {
   "name": "agent_ack.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Detail on the agent's acknowledgment. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "agent_ack.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.exists",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether the state has a statutory form."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.name",
   "type": "string",
   "meaning": "Name of that form. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.url",
   "type": "string (URL)",
   "meaning": "Link to the form."
  },
  {
   "name": "form.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Detail on the form. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "recording.rule",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "When the power of attorney must be recorded."
  },
  {
   "name": "recording.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The recording rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "recording.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "durable.default",
   "type": "boolean",
   "meaning": "Whether a power of attorney is durable unless it says otherwise."
  },
  {
   "name": "durable.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The durability rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "durable.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.rule",
   "type": "string (code)",
   "meaning": "Signing rule for the health care document."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.witnesses",
   "type": "integer",
   "meaning": "Witnesses for the health care document."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.text",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The health care rule in plain English. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "healthcare.wording",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "The official source's own words. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "notes",
   "type": "string (free text)",
   "meaning": "Other points from the official source. Present only for jurisdictions that have their own page on the site."
  },
  {
   "name": "unconfirmed",
   "type": "array of strings",
   "meaning": "Fields the official sources read did not confirm for this row. Those values are null."
  },
  {
   "name": "source_urls",
   "type": "array of strings",
   "meaning": "Links to the official sources (all of them for jurisdictions with their own page; the main linked source for the others)."
  },
  {
   "name": "checked",
   "type": "date (YYYY-MM-DD)",
   "meaning": "When the row's sources were opened (YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD). A row with no official source carries the date of the check that found none."
  },
  {
   "name": "page_url",
   "type": "string (URL)",
   "meaning": "The page on mcc-solutionsnj.com that explains this row."
  }
 ],
 "rows": [
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AL",
   "jurisdiction": "Alabama",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://alabamawings.alacourt.gov/media/1040/managing-someone-elses-money-in-alabama-help-for-agents-under-a-power-of-attorney.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AK",
   "jurisdiction": "Alaska",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://courts.alaska.gov/shc/family/docs/poa-booklet.pdf",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "recording",
    "durable",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://courts.alaska.gov/shc/family/docs/poa-booklet.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AZ",
   "jurisdiction": "Arizona",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 1,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 1,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/05501.htm"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "AR",
   "jurisdiction": "Arkansas",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2011,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=/ACTS/2021R/Public/ACT804.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2011%2FPublic%2FACT805.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CA",
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://selfhelp.courts.ca.gov/wills-estates-probate/legal-documents",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://selfhelp.courts.ca.gov/wills-estates-probate/legal-documents"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CO",
   "jurisdiction": "Colorado",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2009,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://lawhelp.colorado.gov/creating-a-power-of-attorney",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://lawhelp.colorado.gov/creating-a-power-of-attorney"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "CT",
   "jurisdiction": "Connecticut",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2015,
   "upoaa.text": "Public Act 15-240 adopted the Connecticut Uniform Power of Attorney Act; Public Act 16-40 moved its start to October 1, 2016.",
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "notary.text": "The probate courts' summary says acknowledging isn't a requirement, though it matters when a bank or other third party is asked to accept the power of attorney; the statutory forms include an acknowledgment.",
   "notary.wording": "While not a requirement, the POA may also be acknowledged.",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Dated and signed by the principal and witnessed by two witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "witnessed by two witnesses",
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "agent_ack.text": null,
   "agent_ack.wording": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Connecticut statutory short form and long form power of attorney",
   "form.url": "https://www.ctprobate.gov/es/documents/2016-legislative-summary.pdf",
   "form.text": "Public Act 16-40 added a short form with some of the long form's powers, meant for a limited purpose such as a real estate closing.",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "recording.text": null,
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless the document says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable, unless the instrument specifically provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "An advance directive is signed before two witnesses; the health care representative can't be one. A notary is needed only for the optional witnesses' affidavit.",
   "healthcare.wording": "You must sign the document in the presence of two witnesses in order for the advance directives to be valid.",
   "notes": "Under the act, an agent may make gifts or create trusts only if the power of attorney expressly grants that authority.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.ctprobate.gov/es/documents/2015-legislative-summary.pdf",
    "https://www.ctprobate.gov/es/documents/2016-legislative-summary.pdf",
    "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Departments-and-Agencies/DPH/dph/MOLST/042715AdvanceDirectivesEnglishpdf.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-connecticut"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "DE",
   "jurisdiction": "Delaware",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": 1,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": "form",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c049a/sc03/index.html",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "notary",
    "recording",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c049a/index.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "DC",
   "jurisdiction": "District of Columbia",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2023,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/21-2603.01",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack",
    "recording",
    "durable",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/21-2601.01"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "FL",
   "jurisdiction": "Florida",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Section 709.2101 cites Florida's own Florida Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The principal signs and acknowledges the power of attorney before a notary.",
   "notary.wording": null,
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Two subscribing witnesses sign as well as the notary.",
   "witnesses.wording": "two subscribing witnesses",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting; a third person may ask for an agent's affidavit (709.2119), but that isn't a step before acting.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "may, but need not",
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": "Chapter 709 has no statutory power of attorney form, only an optional agent's affidavit.",
   "recording.rule": "may_be_asked",
   "recording.text": "A power of attorney relied on for real property title may be required for recording, and the original may be needed.",
   "recording.wording": "may be required for recording",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Durable only if it contains durable language, such as the statute's model sentence.",
   "durable.wording": "This durable power of attorney is not terminated by subsequent incapacity of the principal",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A health care surrogate designation is signed before two adult witnesses; the surrogate can't witness, and one witness must not be a spouse or blood relative.",
   "healthcare.wording": "in the presence of two subscribing adult witnesses",
   "notes": "A Florida principal's power of attorney witnessed remotely by a witness not physically present can't grant the special powers in 709.2202 (gifts, trusts, beneficiary changes). An agent can't mortgage or convey homestead property without the principal's spouse joining.",
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/Chapter709/All",
    "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799%2F0765%2FSections%2F0765.202.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-florida"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "GA",
   "jurisdiction": "Georgia",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://dca.georgia.gov/document/forms/powerofattorneypdf/download",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://georgia.gov/establish-power-attorney"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "HI",
   "jurisdiction": "Hawaii",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2014,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2017/HRS-Chapter-PDF%27s/HRS_0551E.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2017/HRS-Chapter-PDF%27s/HRS_0551E.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ID",
   "jurisdiction": "Idaho",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2008,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH12.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH12.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IL",
   "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 1,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://gac.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/gac/forms/documents/poaproperty2015.pdf",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 1,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://gac.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/gac/forms/documents/poaproperty2015.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IN",
   "jurisdiction": "Indiana",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_30/Article_5/Chapter_4.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "IA",
   "jurisdiction": "Iowa",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2014,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/633B.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/633B.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "KS",
   "jurisdiction": "Kansas",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_006_0052.html",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "durable",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_006_0052.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "KY",
   "jurisdiction": "Kentucky",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2018,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "form",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=50153"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "LA",
   "jurisdiction": "Louisiana",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=110030"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ME",
   "jurisdiction": "Maine",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "form",
    "recording",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/18-C/title18-Csec5-905.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MD",
   "jurisdiction": "Maryland",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2010rs/chapters_noln/Ch_689_hb0659E.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=get&section=17-110"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MA",
   "jurisdiction": "Massachusetts",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartII/TitleII/Chapter190B/Section5-501"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MI",
   "jurisdiction": "Michigan",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2023,
   "upoaa.text": "MCL 556.201: the uniform power of attorney act, Act 187 of 2023, in effect July 1, 2024.",
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "notary.text": "To be durable: acknowledged before a notary, or signed before two witnesses who also sign.",
   "notary.wording": "Be acknowledged by the principal before a notary public or other individual authorized to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "witnesses.text": "Two witnesses as the alternative to a notary. A witness can't be an agent named in it; a witness may also be the notary.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A witness may not be an agent nominated in the power.",
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "Before acting under a durable power of attorney, the agent signs an acknowledgment of duties, substantially in the statute's form (MCL 556.402).",
   "agent_ack.wording": "Before exercising authority under a durable power of attorney, an agent shall execute an acknowledgment",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (MCL 556.401)",
   "form.url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-Act-187-of-2023.pdf",
   "form.text": "Section 301 of the act sets out a statutory form.",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The act has no recording requirement; a power to convey real property doesn't need the legal description.",
   "recording.wording": "does not need to contain the real property's legal description.",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable if executed with a notary or two witnesses, unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A patient advocate designation is signed, dated and witnessed by two people; close relatives, heirs and the physician can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "in writing, signed, dated, witnessed by two people, and executed voluntarily.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-Act-187-of-2023.pdf",
    "https://legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/peaceofmind.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-michigan"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MN",
   "jurisdiction": "Minnesota",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "On the statutory short form, the principal's signature must be acknowledged.",
   "notary.wording": "the signature of the principal must be acknowledged.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The statutory short form's requirements don't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "the signature of the principal must be acknowledged.",
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "Before acting, each agent signs the statutory short form, acknowledging the notice to agents; that signature needn't be notarized.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "Before acting on behalf of the principal, the attorney(s)-in-fact must sign this form",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory short form of general power of attorney (Minn. Stat. 523.23)",
   "form.url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/523/pdf",
   "form.text": "Section 523.23 sets the form and its formal requirements.",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "recording.text": "When the agent signs a recordable instrument, the power of attorney is also recordable if authenticated.",
   "recording.wording": "are also recordable",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Durable only with language such as the statute's sample sentence.",
   "durable.wording": "This power of attorney shall not be affected by incapacity or incompetence of the principal",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "healthcare.text": "Verified by a notary or by witnesses. The agent can't witness or notarize, and at least one witness must not be a provider giving direct care.",
   "healthcare.wording": "either by a notary public or by witnesses as provided under this chapter",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/523/pdf",
    "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/145c.03"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-minnesota"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MS",
   "jurisdiction": "Mississippi",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.sos.ms.gov/content/documents/pol_res/power%20of%20attorney/6DurablePOA-HB468Comparison.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MO",
   "jurisdiction": "Missouri",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "may_be_asked",
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=404.705"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "MT",
   "jurisdiction": "Montana",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0310/part_0030/sections_index.html",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary",
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0310/part_0030/sections_index.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NE",
   "jurisdiction": "Nebraska",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2012,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/display_html.php?begin_section=30-4001&end_section=30-4045",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/display_html.php?begin_section=30-4001&end_section=30-4045"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NV",
   "jurisdiction": "Nevada",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2009,
   "upoaa.text": "NRS 162A.200 and following are headed Power of Attorney (Uniform Act), added in 2009.",
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "notary.text": "A signature is presumed genuine if acknowledged before a notary; the section doesn't make notarization a condition of validity. The statutory form itself says it isn't valid unless acknowledged before a notary.",
   "notary.wording": "THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY WILL NOT BE VALID UNLESS IT IS ACKNOWLEDGED BEFORE A NOTARY PUBLIC.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The financial execution section doesn't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A power of attorney must be signed by the principal or, in the principal's conscious presence, by another individual",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance (NRS 162A.300); the agent signs as agent when acting.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (NRS 162A.620)",
   "form.url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-162a.html",
   "form.text": "NRS 162A.620 sets out the financial form.",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "A power of attorney that grants power to convey real property must be recorded like other conveyances.",
   "recording.wording": "must be recorded as other conveyances whereby real property is conveyed or affected are required",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A power of attorney for health care is acknowledged before a notary or witnessed by two adults; a nursing home's owner, operator or employee can't witness for a resident.",
   "healthcare.wording": "Witnessed by two adult witnesses.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-162a.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-nevada"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NH",
   "jurisdiction": "New Hampshire",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "A general power of attorney, and one to convey real estate, must be acknowledged before a notary or other official authorized to take acknowledgments.",
   "notary.wording": "must be acknowledged before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't call for witnesses, and the statutory form has no witness lines.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": "form",
   "agent_ack.text": "The statutory form's agent acknowledgment says the agent has no authority until signing it.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "You will have no authority to act as agent under this Power of Attorney until you sign and affix this acknowledgment.",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "New Hampshire Statutory Power of Attorney",
   "form.url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LVI/564-E/564-E-301.htm",
   "form.text": "RSA 564-E:301 sets the form, with a signature and acknowledgment section and an agent acknowledgment.",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "recording.text": null,
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "The required notice says the agent keeps the powers after incapacity unless the document says otherwise.",
   "durable.wording": "your Agent will continue to have these powers after you become incapacitated",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "An advance directive is signed before two witnesses, or before a notary or justice of the peace. The agent, spouse, heirs and the attending practitioner can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "A notary public or justice of the peace, who shall acknowledge the principal's signature",
   "notes": "A general power of attorney must have the disclosure statement 'Information concerning the power of attorney' attached and signed by the principal; it can't be signed electronically.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LVI/564-E/564-E-105.htm",
    "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LVI/564-E/564-E-301.htm",
    "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/X/137-J/137-J-mrg.htm"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-new-hampshire"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NJ",
   "jurisdiction": "New Jersey",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "In writing, signed and acknowledged as set out in R.S.46:14-2.1 (the acknowledgment statute for recorded documents).",
   "notary.wording": "must be in writing, duly signed and acknowledged in the manner set forth in R.S.46:14-2.1.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The formality section asks for a writing, a signature and an acknowledgment, not witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "must be in writing, duly signed and acknowledged in the manner set forth in R.S.46:14-2.1.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "The act sets the agent's duties but has no separate signed acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "An attorney-in-fact has a fiduciary duty to the principal",
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The act doesn't require recording; an affidavit of the agent is recordable when the transaction needs a recordable instrument.",
   "recording.wording": "likewise recordable",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Durable when it contains the statute's words showing the authority survives disability or incapacity.",
   "durable.wording": "A durable power of attorney is a power of attorney which contains the words",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Notarize it, or sign and date it in front of two adult witnesses; the health care representative can't be a witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "You can choose to get your advance directive notarized, in which case you don't need additional witnesses.",
   "notes": "The agent has a fiduciary duty to the principal and must keep accurate books and records of all financial transactions.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2000/PL00/109_.HTM",
    "https://www.nj.gov/health/advancedirective/ad/forums-faqs/"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-new-jersey"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NM",
   "jurisdiction": "New Mexico",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2007,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": "form",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://www.aging.nm.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADA-NM-DURABLE-POA.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/HB0231.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NY",
   "jurisdiction": "New York",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The principal's signature is acknowledged the way a deed's is, before a notary.",
   "notary.wording": "duly acknowledged in the manner prescribed for the acknowledgment of a conveyance of real property",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Two witnesses who aren't agents or permitted gift recipients; the person taking the acknowledgment may be one of them.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "Each agent signs and dates it, with an acknowledged signature; the agent can act only from that date.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "duly acknowledged in the manner prescribed for the acknowledgment of a conveyance of real property",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Power of Attorney New York Statutory Short Form",
   "form.url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/5-1513",
   "form.text": "GOL 5-1513 sets the form, with the caution to the principal and the agent's signature and acknowledgment section.",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "recording.text": null,
   "recording.wording": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "The statutory short form isn't affected by later incapacity unless the principal changes that under Modifications.",
   "durable.wording": "This POWER OF ATTORNEY shall not be affected by my subsequent incapacity",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A health care proxy is signed and dated before two adult witnesses who also sign; the agent can't witness. No notary is required by the section.",
   "healthcare.wording": "signed and dated by the adult in the presence of two adult witnesses who shall also sign the proxy.",
   "notes": "The document must be typed or printed in clear type of at least 12 point. Someone may sign for the principal at the principal's direction, but not an agent or successor agent.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/5-1501B",
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/5-1513",
    "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PBH/2981"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-new-york"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "NC",
   "jurisdiction": "North Carolina",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2017,
   "upoaa.text": "G.S. 32C-1-101: the North Carolina Uniform Power of Attorney Act (S.L. 2017-153).",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The power of attorney must be acknowledged; a signature acknowledged before a notary is presumed genuine. The statutory forms end with a notary certificate.",
   "notary.wording": "is presumed to be genuine if the principal acknowledges the signature before a notary public",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section and the statutory forms have no witness lines.",
   "witnesses.wording": null,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent or by any other assertion or conduct indicating acceptance",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "North Carolina Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney",
   "form.url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_32C/Article_3.pdf",
   "form.text": "Article 3 also has a Limited Power of Attorney for Real Property (32C-3-303) and an agent's certification (32C-3-302).",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "Before an agent signs a transfer of real property, the power of attorney is registered with the register of deeds (G.S. 47-28). A later registration can relate back.",
   "recording.wording": "Before any transfer of real property executed by an agent",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless the instrument expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses_and_notary",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Signed before two qualified witnesses and acknowledged before a notary. Witnesses can't be close relatives, the attending physician or someone with a claim on the estate.",
   "healthcare.wording": "signed in the presence of two qualified witnesses, and acknowledged before a notary public",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bychapter/chapter_32c.html",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_47/GS_47-28.html",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_32C/Article_3.pdf",
    "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bychapter/chapter_32a.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-north-carolina"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "ND",
   "jurisdiction": "North Dakota",
   "upoaa.adopted": false,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "agent_ack",
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t30-1c30.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OH",
   "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "R.C. 1337.21: sections 1337.21 to 1337.64 may be cited as the uniform power of attorney act.",
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "notary.text": "A signature is presumed genuine if acknowledged before a notary; the section doesn't make notarization a condition of validity. For real property it must be recorded, which needs an acknowledgment.",
   "notary.wording": "A signature on a power of attorney is presumed to be genuine if the principal acknowledges the signature before a notary public.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't mention witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A signature on a power of attorney is presumed to be genuine if the principal acknowledges the signature before a notary public.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance (R.C. 1337.33).",
   "agent_ack.wording": "a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": null,
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "A power of attorney for real property is recorded with the county recorder where the property is, before the deed or other instrument is recorded (R.C. 1337.04).",
   "recording.wording": "shall be recorded in the office of the county recorder of the county in which such property is situated",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "A health care power of attorney is signed and dated, then witnessed by two adults or acknowledged before a notary. Relatives, the agent, the attending physician and the nursing home administrator can't witness.",
   "healthcare.wording": "shall be witnessed by at least two individuals who are adults.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1337"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-ohio"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OK",
   "jurisdiction": "Oklahoma",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://www.okbar.org/barjournal/november-2021/williams/",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.okbar.org/barjournal/november-2021/williams/"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "OR",
   "jurisdiction": "Oregon",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/lawsstatutes/2018orlaw0036.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "PA",
   "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The signature is acknowledged before a notary or other official, who can't be the agent.",
   "notary.wording": "shall not be the agent designated in the power of attorney",
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Two adult witnesses, who can't be the agent, the notary or anyone signing for the principal.",
   "witnesses.wording": "A witness shall not be the individual who signed the power of attorney on behalf of and at the direction of the principal.",
   "agent_ack.required": true,
   "agent_ack.text": "The agent has no authority until the agent signs and attaches the statutory acknowledgment of duties.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "has first executed and affixed to the power of attorney an acknowledgment",
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": null,
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "recording.text": "An acknowledged power of attorney may be recorded in the recorder of deeds office; chapter 56 doesn't require it.",
   "recording.wording": "it may be recorded in the office for the recording of deeds.",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "All powers of attorney are durable unless they say otherwise.",
   "durable.wording": "all powers of attorney shall be durable",
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "Dated and signed, and witnessed by two people 18 or older; someone who signs for the principal can't also witness. The section doesn't mention a notary.",
   "healthcare.wording": "witnessed by two individuals, each of whom is 18 years of age or older",
   "notes": "A notice in capital letters must be at the beginning, signed by the principal; without it the agent carries the burden of showing an action was proper.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "form"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/20/00.056..HTM",
    "https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?iFrame=true&txtType=HTM&ttl=20&div=0&chpt=54&sctn=52&subsctn=0"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-pennsylvania"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "RI",
   "jurisdiction": "Rhode Island",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE18/18-16/18-16-2.htm",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE18/18-16/18-16-2.htm"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "SC",
   "jurisdiction": "South Carolina",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "Section 62-8-101: the South Carolina Uniform Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "Acknowledged or proved under section 30-5-30, the rule for recordable documents.",
   "notary.wording": "acknowledged or proved pursuant to Section 30-5-30.",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "Witnessed with the same formality and witness requirements as a South Carolina will; the section doesn't state the number.",
   "witnesses.wording": "attested with the same formality and with the same requirements as to witnesses as a will in South Carolina",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": null,
   "recording.rule": "after_incapacity",
   "recording.text": "After the principal becomes incapacitated, the agent can act only once the power of attorney is recorded the same way as a deed.",
   "recording.wording": "has been recorded in the same manner as a deed",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "healthcare.text": null,
   "healthcare.wording": null,
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "form",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t62c008.php"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-south-carolina"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "SD",
   "jurisdiction": "South Dakota",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2020,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://mylrc.sdlegislature.gov/api/Documents/SessionLaw/70792.pdf?Year=2020",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://mylrc.sdlegislature.gov/api/Documents/SessionLaw/70792.pdf?Year=2020"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "TN",
   "jurisdiction": "Tennessee",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": null,
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": null,
   "form.exists": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": null,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa",
    "notary",
    "witnesses",
    "agent_ack",
    "form",
    "recording",
    "durable"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://www.tn.gov/hfc/health-care-decision-making/advanced-directives-for-health-care-decision-making--english-.html"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "TX",
   "jurisdiction": "Texas",
   "upoaa.adopted": null,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://guides.sll.texas.gov/legal-forms/powers-of-attorney",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "durable.default": false,
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "upoaa"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://guides.sll.texas.gov/legal-forms/powers-of-attorney"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "UT",
   "jurisdiction": "Utah",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2016,
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title75A/Chapter2/C75A-2_2024090120240501.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "optional",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title75A/Chapter2/C75A-2_2024090120240501.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "VT",
   "jurisdiction": "Vermont",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2023,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": null,
   "witnesses.alt": null,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/14/127",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "witnesses",
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/14/127"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "VA",
   "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2010,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.url": null,
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title64.2/chapter16/"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WA",
   "jurisdiction": "Washington",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2016,
   "upoaa.text": "RCW 11.125.010: chapter 209, Laws of 2016 may be cited as the uniform power of attorney act.",
   "notary.rule": "either",
   "notary.text": "Signed and dated by the principal, then notarized or attested by two witnesses.",
   "notary.wording": null,
   "witnesses.count": 2,
   "witnesses.alt": true,
   "witnesses.text": "Two witnesses as the alternative to a notary. They can't be the principal's home care or facility care providers, or related to the principal or agent.",
   "witnesses.wording": "unrelated to the principal or agent by blood, marriage, or state registered domestic partnership.",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent.",
   "form.exists": false,
   "form.name": null,
   "form.url": null,
   "form.text": "The chapter has no statutory power of attorney form, only an optional agent's certification (RCW 11.125.430).",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "recording.text": "The chapter doesn't require recording a power of attorney to convey real property.",
   "recording.wording": "filing notice with the county recorder's office in the county where the principal resides.",
   "durable.default": false,
   "durable.text": "Not durable unless the writing says it survives incapacity.",
   "durable.wording": "This power of attorney shall not be affected by disability of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": "notary_or_witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "healthcare.text": "The same chapter covers health care decisions, so a health care power of attorney under it is signed the same way: notary or two qualified witnesses.",
   "healthcare.wording": "authorized to provide informed consent for health care decisions on the principal's behalf.",
   "notes": null,
   "unconfirmed": [],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/law/rcwpdf/rcw%20%2011%20%20title/rcw%20%2011%20.125%20%20chapter/RCW%20%2011%20.125%20%20COMBINEDCHAPTER.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-washington"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WV",
   "jurisdiction": "West Virginia",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": null,
   "upoaa.text": "W. Va. Code 39B-1-101: the Uniform Power of Attorney Act.",
   "notary.rule": "required",
   "notary.text": "The power of attorney is acknowledged by the principal before a notary or other official.",
   "notary.wording": "acknowledged by the principal before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "witnesses.text": "The execution section doesn't require witnesses.",
   "witnesses.wording": "must be signed by the principal or in the principal's conscious presence by another individual",
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "agent_ack.text": "An agent accepts by acting or other conduct showing acceptance.",
   "agent_ack.wording": "by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent",
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.name": "Statutory form power of attorney (W. Va. Code 39B-3-101)",
   "form.url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/pdf/39B/",
   "form.text": "Section 39B-3-101 sets out the form.",
   "recording.rule": "required",
   "recording.text": "For several real property powers (39B-2-104(b)), the power of attorney must first be recorded with the clerk of the county commission where the property is.",
   "recording.wording": "must first be recorded in the office of the clerk of the county commission",
   "durable.default": true,
   "durable.text": "Durable unless it says incapacity ends it.",
   "durable.wording": "is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.",
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "healthcare.text": null,
   "healthcare.wording": null,
   "notes": "Chapter 39B doesn't cover health care decisions; the statutory form says so.",
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/pdf/39B/"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-west-virginia"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WI",
   "jurisdiction": "Wisconsin",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2009,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/244.pdf",
   "recording.rule": null,
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": "witnesses",
   "healthcare.witnesses": 2,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "recording"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/244.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction_code": "WY",
   "jurisdiction": "Wyoming",
   "upoaa.adopted": true,
   "upoaa.year": 2017,
   "notary.rule": "presumption",
   "witnesses.count": 0,
   "witnesses.alt": false,
   "agent_ack.required": false,
   "form.exists": true,
   "form.url": "https://wyoleg.gov/2017/Enroll/SF0105.pdf",
   "recording.rule": "none_in_act",
   "durable.default": true,
   "healthcare.rule": null,
   "healthcare.witnesses": null,
   "unconfirmed": [
    "healthcare"
   ],
   "source_urls": [
    "https://wyoleg.gov/2017/Enroll/SF0105.pdf"
   ],
   "checked": "2026-11",
   "page_url": "https://mcc-solutionsnj.com/notary/power-of-attorney-requirements-by-state"
  }
 ]
}