In plain English
Notaries offer both so the signer can choose. Both carry the same legal weight for a jurat.
The notary asks the signer to raise a hand and agree.
Why it matters
An oath or affirmation is what turns a signed statement into a sworn one. If the notary skips it, the jurat may be defective and the receiving court or agency may reject the paper.
Offering a choice respects people of all beliefs. Nobody should feel pushed into religious wording.
Worked example
The notary asks, "Do you swear or affirm that the statements in this document are true?" and the signer says "I do."
What to do
- Tell the notary if you prefer an affirmation.
- Listen to the full wording before answering.
- Answer out loud so the notary hears a clear yes.
- Ask the notary to repeat the question if you did not hear it.
- Sign the document after the oath or affirmation as directed.
Common mistakes
- Nodding without a spoken answer can leave the notary unsure the oath was taken.
- Answering without having read the document puts the signer at risk if the statements are wrong.
- Assuming an oath is optional for a jurat leaves the certificate incomplete.
Not the same as: Jurat
The oath or affirmation is the spoken promise, while the jurat is the certificate that records the promise and the signature made before the notary. See Jurat.
Go deeper
- Notarizing a General Affidavit Step by Step: An affidavit is a written statement of facts sworn before a notary. See how the oath works, how to word it, and what mistakes delay acceptance.
Related terms
- Power of attorney: A document that lets one person (the agent) act for another (the principal) on stated matters.
- Process server: A person who delivers legal papers to the other party in a case and records how and when.
- Notary seal or stamp: The stamp or embosser a notary places on a certificate that shows their name and commission details.
Common questions
What is an oath and affirmation?
A spoken promise to tell the truth. An oath calls on a higher power; an affirmation does not.
Can you give an example of oath and affirmation?
The notary asks, "Do you swear or affirm that the statements in this document are true?" and the signer says "I do."
Do I have to raise my hand?
Raising a hand is customary but not always required. What matters is that you clearly take the oath or affirmation.
Is an affirmation weaker than an oath?
No. Both serve the same purpose for a jurat and carry the same weight.
General information, not legal advice. Rules vary by state and change; check with your state's commissioning office.