Who signs
The trustee, not the trust, signs the documents, since a trust is not a legal person. The signature block usually reads along the lines of the trustee's name followed by the word trustee and the name of the trust. If there are co-trustees, the trust document says whether one or all must sign.
The lender or title company decides what form the signature takes.
The trust certificate
Rather than reading the entire trust, title companies typically ask for a certification of trust or an abstract. It states that the trust exists, who the trustees are, and that they have power to sell or borrow. It is usually signed and notarized.
Having this ready before the signing saves time. An attorney who drafted the trust can prepare it.
Refinancing a home held in a trust
Lenders often need a trust rider, a review of the trust terms, and sometimes a requirement that the trust meets certain criteria. Some loans require the home to be moved out of the trust first, then returned afterward, which should be discussed with an attorney.
Transferring a home into or out of a trust can have consequences for insurance and taxes, so get advice first.
What the notary does
The notary identifies the trustee and completes the certificate. The trustee signs in a representative capacity. The notary does not read the trust, decide whether the trustee has authority, or advise on the document.
If the acknowledgment form in the package does not seem to fit a trustee, ask the sender for the correct wording.
Avoiding last-minute problems
Confirm the exact legal name of the trust and the trustees, and check that the deed vests title in the trustee. A home bought in personal names but never retitled to the trust causes confusion. Bring ID for each trustee, and have the successor trustee paperwork ready if the original trustee has died or is incapacitated.
A short example and when to call the trust's attorney
Imagine a widowed homeowner who put her house in a revocable trust and named her daughter as successor trustee. When she passes away, the daughter wants to sell. The title company asks for a death certificate, a certification of trust, and proof that she is the successor.
She signs the deed as trustee, shows ID to the notary, and the sale proceeds. Without those papers, the sale would stall while the title company sought more information.
Call before listing the home if the trust is old, if trustees disagree, if the trust has been amended, or if the trust must pay debts. These situations can change who signs and when. The notary can only handle the signing itself.
Some lenders will not lend to certain kinds of trusts at all, and others require that all trustees sign even if the trust document allows one to act alone. Ask your lender early for a written list of trust requirements. That list can save you from arriving at the table and learning that a missing signer means rescheduling for another week.
Common questions
Does the trust itself need to be notarized?
Not as a rule at closing. The certification of trust is usually notarized. The trust agreement is a separate document.
Can a successor trustee sign?
Yes, once they have taken over under the trust terms. Expect to supply proof such as a death certificate and a certification.
Do both spouses have to sign?
If both are trustees, the trust and the lender usually say who must sign.
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Fees and procedures change; check with the office involved or an attorney for your situation.