The signer is not in front of you
The core of most notarial acts is a personal appearance, either in the room or through a legally allowed remote process. If the signer is not there, a notary cannot notarize, no matter how urgent the request or how well the notary knows the person.
Requests to stamp a document that someone else will sign later, or to notarize a signature on a page that was signed elsewhere without the signer appearing, are always a no.
Technology has not changed this principle. A video call is allowed only where state law and an approved platform permit it. A notary who simply watches a signer on an ordinary phone call has not performed a valid remote notarization.
Identity cannot be established
If the signer has no acceptable ID, and the state does not allow another method such as a credible identifying witness, the notary cannot go on. An expired ID, a photo that does not resemble the person, or a name that does not match the document are all reasons to pause.
Explain what would work instead, such as returning with a valid ID, so the signer leaves with a plan.
The signer seems unwilling or unaware
A notary must be satisfied that the signer understands they are signing and is doing so freely. A person who seems frightened, who says someone else made them come, or who cannot say what the document is for gives the notary good cause to stop.
This is not about judging whether the document is wise. It is about whether the signer is acting on their own.
The document or request is improper
Decline when the document is incomplete in ways your state forbids, when you are asked to certify a copy of something the law does not let a notary copy-certify, or when you are asked to give legal advice or pick the notarial act. A notary may not practice law, even if the client begs.
Also decline if you have a personal interest in the document, as covered in conflict rules.
Another reason to decline is a request to notarize a photocopy as if it were an original signature, or to certify a copy of a public record such as a birth certificate. Many states do not let notaries certify copies of vital records, and the person should go to the office that issued it.
How to say no without a fight
Stay calm and brief. Say what is missing and what would let you proceed. For example, I can't notarize this today because the signer isn't here, but I can come back when they are. Avoid accusing the client of anything.
Do not accept a fee for an act you refused, other than a travel charge you disclosed in advance, and keep the facts of the refusal in your journal.
When pressure builds
Some customers argue, offer extra money or threaten bad reviews. None of that changes the rule. Your commission protects the public, and you are the one accountable for it. If someone insists, you can end the appointment politely and leave. A refused notarization is a smaller problem than a fraudulent one.
Common questions
Can a notary refuse just because they feel uneasy?
Yes. Most states let a notary decline when they have a reasonable doubt about identity, willingness or the legitimacy of the request.
Does a refusal need to be written down?
Many states encourage or require a journal note. Even when optional, a short record helps if the situation is ever questioned.
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Fees and procedures change; check with the office involved or an attorney for your situation.